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TCM Translation TCM Translation Theory Theory
中醫(yī)英語翻譯理論 中醫(yī)英語翻譯理論
1 1 中醫(yī)翻譯概論 中醫(yī)翻譯概論
? 1.1 仿造
– 翻譯 SL 的無等值詞匯時(shí)，用 TL 中的直接對(duì)應(yīng)詞
代換無等值詞匯的組成部分 (詞素 詞)
– 借用英語中已有的相關(guān)單詞來表達(dá)中醫(yī)學(xué)特有的概
念
? 肝血 liver blood
? 血虛 blood deficiency
? 活血化瘀 activating blood to resolve stagnation
1 1 中醫(yī)翻譯概論 中醫(yī)翻譯概論
? 1.1 仿造
– 句子層次的翻譯也能運(yùn)用仿造法
? 從陰陽翻則生，逆之翻則死。
– Following (the law of) yin and yang ensures life,while violating it leads to death.
? 陰虛翻則熱，陽虛翻則寒。
– Deficiency of yin generates heat and deficiency of
yang produces cold.2
1 1 中醫(yī)翻譯概論 中醫(yī)翻譯概論
? 1.2 定義化
– 中醫(yī)術(shù)語高度凝煉，難以用同樣長短的英語表達(dá)清
楚
– 翻譯往往以解釋、定義方式進(jìn)行
? 辨證論治
– diagnosis and treatment based on the overall
analysis of symptoms and signs
? 虛脹
– Flatulence due to yang-deficiency of the spleen and
kidney
1 1 中醫(yī)翻譯概論 中醫(yī)翻譯概論
? 1.2 定義化
– 缺點(diǎn)
? 簡潔變?nèi)唛L，違反科技術(shù)語翻譯、使用的原翻則
? 和語境難以配合
? 有礙中醫(yī)術(shù)語英譯邁向規(guī)范
– 簡化處理
? 辨證論治
– treatment based on syndrome differentiation (Li)
– identifying patterns and determining treatment
(Wiseman)
? 虛脹
– deficiency-flatulence
– vacuity distension
1 1 中醫(yī)翻譯概論 中醫(yī)翻譯概論
? 1.3 詞義分化
– 同一中醫(yī)術(shù)語在不同語境下，可以有不同涵義 (一
詞多義 polysemy)
– 同一概念也可用不同術(shù)語表達(dá) (同義詞 synonymy)
? 虛
? asthenia, deficiency, insufficiency, weakness, debility,hypofunction……3
1 1 中醫(yī)翻譯概論 中醫(yī)翻譯概論
? 1.3 詞義分化
– 脾虛
? asthenia of the spleen (Li)
? spleen vacuity (Wiseman)
? spleen deficiency (WHO draft)
– 脾虛水泛
? hypofunction of the spleen (Li)
– 體虛
? weakness debility
1 1 中醫(yī)翻譯概論 中醫(yī)翻譯概論
? 1.3 詞義分化
– 必須考慮語境
? a) 腎藏精，精舍志。
– 「精」指精氣
– The kidney stores essence and the essence
maintains activities.
? b) 精1傷翻則骨痠痿厥，精2
時(shí)自下。
– 「精1 」指「腎精」； 「精2 」指「精液」
– The damage of the kidney essence causes aching
and flaccidity of the bones as well as cold sensation
in the limbs, which will further leads to frequent
seminal emission.
1 1 中醫(yī)翻譯概論 中醫(yī)翻譯概論
? 1.3 詞義分化 (續(xù))
– 必須考慮語境
? c) 脈理精微，其體難辨。
–「精 」指「精深」
– The theory of pulse is very profound and the
conditions of pulse are difficult to
differentiate.4
1 1 中醫(yī)翻譯概論 中醫(yī)翻譯概論
? 1.4 拼音化
– 當(dāng)英語無法表達(dá)中醫(yī)特有概念時(shí)，用拼音翻譯
? 氣
– Vital energy
– Qi
– 動(dòng)筆! which term(s) should be phonetically transcribed?
? 四氣五味
– four properties and five tastes (Li)
– four natures and five flavors (Wiseman)
? 滋陰降火
– nourishing yin to reduce fire
– enriching yin and downbearing fire
2 2 中醫(yī)翻譯的困難 中醫(yī)翻譯的困難
? 2.1 詞匯缺口 (lexical gap)
– 翻譯人員各有不同考慮、偏好
? 五行
– five elements, five phases, wuxing
? 命門
– gate of life, vital gate, vitaport, mingmen
? 三焦
– three warmers, triple burners, three heaters, triple
energizers, sanjiao
? 五臟
– five solid organs, five bowels, five zang-organs, five
zang-visceras, wuzang
2 2 中醫(yī)翻譯的困難 中醫(yī)翻譯的困難
? 2.2 理解偏差
– 歷時(shí)、文化因素，使得術(shù)語理解困難
? 失笑散
– Powder for Lost Smiles
– Sudden Smile Powder
? 黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)
– Yellow Emperor’s Internal Medicine
– (Huangdi’s) Canon of Medicine
– Huangdi’s Classics on Medicine
– Huangdi’s Internal Classic
– Huangdi Neijing5
2 2 中醫(yī)翻譯的困難 中醫(yī)翻譯的困難
? 重要經(jīng)典譯名舉隅
Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases
On Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases
傷寒雜病論
Synopsis of Golden Chamber ......
TCM Translation TCM Translation Theory Theory
中醫(yī)英語翻譯理論 中醫(yī)英語翻譯理論
1 1 中醫(yī)翻譯概論 中醫(yī)翻譯概論
? 1.1 仿造
– 翻譯 SL 的無等值詞匯時(shí)，用 TL 中的直接對(duì)應(yīng)詞
代換無等值詞匯的組成部分 (詞素 詞)
– 借用英語中已有的相關(guān)單詞來表達(dá)中醫(yī)學(xué)特有的概
念
? 肝血 liver blood
? 血虛 blood deficiency
? 活血化瘀 activating blood to resolve stagnation
1 1 中醫(yī)翻譯概論 中醫(yī)翻譯概論
? 1.1 仿造
– 句子層次的翻譯也能運(yùn)用仿造法
? 從陰陽翻則生，逆之翻則死。
– Following (the law of) yin and yang ensures life,while violating it leads to death.
? 陰虛翻則熱，陽虛翻則寒。
– Deficiency of yin generates heat and deficiency of
yang produces cold.2
1 1 中醫(yī)翻譯概論 中醫(yī)翻譯概論
? 1.2 定義化
– 中醫(yī)術(shù)語高度凝煉，難以用同樣長短的英語表達(dá)清
楚
– 翻譯往往以解釋、定義方式進(jìn)行
? 辨證論治
– diagnosis and treatment based on the overall
analysis of symptoms and signs
? 虛脹
– Flatulence due to yang-deficiency of the spleen and
kidney
1 1 中醫(yī)翻譯概論 中醫(yī)翻譯概論
? 1.2 定義化
– 缺點(diǎn)
? 簡潔變?nèi)唛L，違反科技術(shù)語翻譯、使用的原翻則
? 和語境難以配合
? 有礙中醫(yī)術(shù)語英譯邁向規(guī)范
– 簡化處理
? 辨證論治
– treatment based on syndrome differentiation (Li)
– identifying patterns and determining treatment
(Wiseman)
? 虛脹
– deficiency-flatulence
– vacuity distension
1 1 中醫(yī)翻譯概論 中醫(yī)翻譯概論
? 1.3 詞義分化
– 同一中醫(yī)術(shù)語在不同語境下，可以有不同涵義 (一
詞多義 polysemy)
– 同一概念也可用不同術(shù)語表達(dá) (同義詞 synonymy)
? 虛
? asthenia, deficiency, insufficiency, weakness, debility,hypofunction……3
1 1 中醫(yī)翻譯概論 中醫(yī)翻譯概論
? 1.3 詞義分化
– 脾虛
? asthenia of the spleen (Li)
? spleen vacuity (Wiseman)
? spleen deficiency (WHO draft)
– 脾虛水泛
? hypofunction of the spleen (Li)
– 體虛
? weakness debility
1 1 中醫(yī)翻譯概論 中醫(yī)翻譯概論
? 1.3 詞義分化
– 必須考慮語境
? a) 腎藏精，精舍志。
– 「精」指精氣
– The kidney stores essence and the essence
maintains activities.
? b) 精1傷翻則骨痠痿厥，精2
時(shí)自下。
– 「精1 」指「腎精」； 「精2 」指「精液」
– The damage of the kidney essence causes aching
and flaccidity of the bones as well as cold sensation
in the limbs, which will further leads to frequent
seminal emission.
1 1 中醫(yī)翻譯概論 中醫(yī)翻譯概論
? 1.3 詞義分化 (續(xù))
– 必須考慮語境
? c) 脈理精微，其體難辨。
–「精 」指「精深」
– The theory of pulse is very profound and the
conditions of pulse are difficult to
differentiate.4
1 1 中醫(yī)翻譯概論 中醫(yī)翻譯概論
? 1.4 拼音化
– 當(dāng)英語無法表達(dá)中醫(yī)特有概念時(shí)，用拼音翻譯
? 氣
– Vital energy
– Qi
– 動(dòng)筆! which term(s) should be phonetically transcribed?
? 四氣五味
– four properties and five tastes (Li)
– four natures and five flavors (Wiseman)
? 滋陰降火
– nourishing yin to reduce fire
– enriching yin and downbearing fire
2 2 中醫(yī)翻譯的困難 中醫(yī)翻譯的困難
? 2.1 詞匯缺口 (lexical gap)
– 翻譯人員各有不同考慮、偏好
? 五行
– five elements, five phases, wuxing
? 命門
– gate of life, vital gate, vitaport, mingmen
? 三焦
– three warmers, triple burners, three heaters, triple
energizers, sanjiao
? 五臟
– five solid organs, five bowels, five zang-organs, five
zang-visceras, wuzang
2 2 中醫(yī)翻譯的困難 中醫(yī)翻譯的困難
? 2.2 理解偏差
– 歷時(shí)、文化因素，使得術(shù)語理解困難
? 失笑散
– Powder for Lost Smiles
– Sudden Smile Powder
? 黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)
– Yellow Emperor’s Internal Medicine
– (Huangdi’s) Canon of Medicine
– Huangdi’s Classics on Medicine
– Huangdi’s Internal Classic
– Huangdi Neijing5
2 2 中醫(yī)翻譯的困難 中醫(yī)翻譯的困難
? 重要經(jīng)典譯名舉隅
Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases
On Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases
傷寒雜病論
Synopsis of Golden Chamber ......
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