中醫(yī)名詞英譯：應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)化原則的翻譯模式.pdf
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Wiseman 中醫(yī)名詞英譯：應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)化原則的翻譯模式
中醫(yī)名詞英譯：應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)化原則的翻譯模式
臺灣長庚大學(xué)中醫(yī)學(xué)系Nigel Wiseman (魏迺杰)
臺灣長庚大學(xué)中醫(yī)學(xué)系許權(quán)維譯
關(guān)鍵詞: 中醫(yī)名詞英譯、翻譯方法、名詞規(guī)范化
英文題目： English Translation of Chinese Medical Terms: A Scheme Based on Integrated Principles
作者簡介： Nigel Wiseman(魏迺杰) (1954~)，男，英國人，英國替代醫(yī)學(xué)博士，現(xiàn)任臺灣長 庚大學(xué)中醫(yī)系講師，從事中醫(yī)翻譯 20年。
Although Chinese medicine has gained in popularity in Western countries over the last few
decades, there is still no standardized English terminology of Chinese medicine. Chinese
medicine has an immense vocabulary (the Zhōngyī Dàcídiǎn [1] includes over 30,000 terms);
hence the creation of a corresponding terminology in any other language is a major task and the
process of standardization is complex. Numerous terms lists proposing English equivalents have
been published, but they differ considerably in the translation methods applied and most lack any
systematic approach. A large proportion of the textbooks and clinical literature currently
available in English does not strictly apply any English terminology published in a bilingual
terms list; most Western translators only provide small lists of terms appended to their works. In
the context of efforts led by the National Terminology Committee to standardize both the
Chinese and English terminology of Chinese Medicine, I would like to present my proposed
scheme for the translation of Chinese medical terms into English. This scheme is derived from
observation of translation practices in other fields and has been tested in the creation of
terminology that has been used in the English translation of modern and ancient literature.
雖然近幾十年來中醫(yī)已廣受西方國家的歡迎，但標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的中醫(yī)英文詞匯仍付之闕如。
中國傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)的詞匯極為龐大復(fù)雜，在《中醫(yī)大詞典》[1]中即收詞逾30,000個, 因此，在
任何譯入語中制訂對應(yīng)詞匯必然工程浩大，規(guī)范化的過程亦將極為復(fù)雜。曾經(jīng)有許多中醫(yī)
漢英雙語詞表問世，但其所用的翻譯方法不一，而且在翻譯法則上大都缺乏系統(tǒng)化的總綱
領(lǐng)。大部分英文教科書和臨床文獻(xiàn)都不采用已出版之雙語詞匯表中的詞匯，而大部分西方
翻譯人員頂多在其出版物中附上名詞雙語對照簡表。值此中國全國名詞委員會致力于中醫(yī)
詞匯英譯規(guī)范化之際，本人愿意就中醫(yī)詞匯的英譯提出我個人的翻譯模式。此一模式的產(chǎn)
生系參酌其它領(lǐng)域的翻譯實務(wù)，并已經(jīng)由中醫(yī)現(xiàn)代與古典文獻(xiàn)的英譯實務(wù)所建立的詞匯體
系加以檢視。
Different methods can be used to devise a terminology in the target language: a) existing
terms (用現(xiàn)成的名詞); b) loans (借辭，即音譯); c) loan-translations (仿造); or d) neologisms
based on the definition of the term (根劇定義造新詞). In each case, more than one of these
methods are used. When we observe the practice of term translation in other fields, we find that
in any given terminology different methods are used for different term classes. Furthermore,different combinations of methods are used when translating terms in a given field into different Wiseman 中醫(yī)名詞英譯：應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)化原則的翻譯模式 2
target languages. Close observation of translation practice in other fields enables us to discover
the laws governing the use of different translation methods, and help us to select the best
approach in the English translation of Chinese medical terms.
在譯入語中創(chuàng)建詞匯有諸多方法可供運用，最基本的四種方法一為使用現(xiàn)有的名詞；
二為借詞，亦即借用譯出語的名詞直接音譯；三為仿造；四為根劇原文定義造新詞。創(chuàng)建
某一領(lǐng)域的詞匯時，每每數(shù)法并用。而檢視其它領(lǐng)域的名詞翻譯實務(wù)，可發(fā)現(xiàn)不同類型的
名詞應(yīng)用不同的方法，至于要結(jié)合那些翻譯方法端賴譯入語的性質(zhì)而定。仔細(xì)檢視各領(lǐng)域
的翻譯實務(wù)，有助于找到運用不同翻譯方法的規(guī)律及選擇最適合中醫(yī)名詞英譯的方法。
The translation of Western medical terms furnishes good examples of classic trends in term
translation. Generally speaking, terms that are used by lay people are simply translated by their
obvious lay equivalents. When the Latin anatomical terms were first translated from Latin into
English, lay terms such as nasus, os, cor, and genu were naturally translated into English as nose,mouth, heart, and knee, and into German as Nase, Mund, Herz, and Knie. When Western
medicine was adopted in China, these English terms naturally translated into Chinese as 鼻、口、心、膝. Lay terms are translated by lay equivalents because they are the obvious choices,but also because they help to preserve the relationship between general knowledge and specialist
knowledge.
西醫(yī)名詞翻譯為名詞翻譯做了良好的示范 ......
中醫(yī)名詞英譯：應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)化原則的翻譯模式
臺灣長庚大學(xué)中醫(yī)學(xué)系Nigel Wiseman (魏迺杰)
臺灣長庚大學(xué)中醫(yī)學(xué)系許權(quán)維譯
關(guān)鍵詞: 中醫(yī)名詞英譯、翻譯方法、名詞規(guī)范化
英文題目： English Translation of Chinese Medical Terms: A Scheme Based on Integrated Principles
作者簡介： Nigel Wiseman(魏迺杰) (1954~)，男，英國人，英國替代醫(yī)學(xué)博士，現(xiàn)任臺灣長 庚大學(xué)中醫(yī)系講師，從事中醫(yī)翻譯 20年。
Although Chinese medicine has gained in popularity in Western countries over the last few
decades, there is still no standardized English terminology of Chinese medicine. Chinese
medicine has an immense vocabulary (the Zhōngyī Dàcídiǎn [1] includes over 30,000 terms);
hence the creation of a corresponding terminology in any other language is a major task and the
process of standardization is complex. Numerous terms lists proposing English equivalents have
been published, but they differ considerably in the translation methods applied and most lack any
systematic approach. A large proportion of the textbooks and clinical literature currently
available in English does not strictly apply any English terminology published in a bilingual
terms list; most Western translators only provide small lists of terms appended to their works. In
the context of efforts led by the National Terminology Committee to standardize both the
Chinese and English terminology of Chinese Medicine, I would like to present my proposed
scheme for the translation of Chinese medical terms into English. This scheme is derived from
observation of translation practices in other fields and has been tested in the creation of
terminology that has been used in the English translation of modern and ancient literature.
雖然近幾十年來中醫(yī)已廣受西方國家的歡迎，但標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的中醫(yī)英文詞匯仍付之闕如。
中國傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)的詞匯極為龐大復(fù)雜，在《中醫(yī)大詞典》[1]中即收詞逾30,000個, 因此，在
任何譯入語中制訂對應(yīng)詞匯必然工程浩大，規(guī)范化的過程亦將極為復(fù)雜。曾經(jīng)有許多中醫(yī)
漢英雙語詞表問世，但其所用的翻譯方法不一，而且在翻譯法則上大都缺乏系統(tǒng)化的總綱
領(lǐng)。大部分英文教科書和臨床文獻(xiàn)都不采用已出版之雙語詞匯表中的詞匯，而大部分西方
翻譯人員頂多在其出版物中附上名詞雙語對照簡表。值此中國全國名詞委員會致力于中醫(yī)
詞匯英譯規(guī)范化之際，本人愿意就中醫(yī)詞匯的英譯提出我個人的翻譯模式。此一模式的產(chǎn)
生系參酌其它領(lǐng)域的翻譯實務(wù)，并已經(jīng)由中醫(yī)現(xiàn)代與古典文獻(xiàn)的英譯實務(wù)所建立的詞匯體
系加以檢視。
Different methods can be used to devise a terminology in the target language: a) existing
terms (用現(xiàn)成的名詞); b) loans (借辭，即音譯); c) loan-translations (仿造); or d) neologisms
based on the definition of the term (根劇定義造新詞). In each case, more than one of these
methods are used. When we observe the practice of term translation in other fields, we find that
in any given terminology different methods are used for different term classes. Furthermore,different combinations of methods are used when translating terms in a given field into different Wiseman 中醫(yī)名詞英譯：應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)化原則的翻譯模式 2
target languages. Close observation of translation practice in other fields enables us to discover
the laws governing the use of different translation methods, and help us to select the best
approach in the English translation of Chinese medical terms.
在譯入語中創(chuàng)建詞匯有諸多方法可供運用，最基本的四種方法一為使用現(xiàn)有的名詞；
二為借詞，亦即借用譯出語的名詞直接音譯；三為仿造；四為根劇原文定義造新詞。創(chuàng)建
某一領(lǐng)域的詞匯時，每每數(shù)法并用。而檢視其它領(lǐng)域的名詞翻譯實務(wù)，可發(fā)現(xiàn)不同類型的
名詞應(yīng)用不同的方法，至于要結(jié)合那些翻譯方法端賴譯入語的性質(zhì)而定。仔細(xì)檢視各領(lǐng)域
的翻譯實務(wù)，有助于找到運用不同翻譯方法的規(guī)律及選擇最適合中醫(yī)名詞英譯的方法。
The translation of Western medical terms furnishes good examples of classic trends in term
translation. Generally speaking, terms that are used by lay people are simply translated by their
obvious lay equivalents. When the Latin anatomical terms were first translated from Latin into
English, lay terms such as nasus, os, cor, and genu were naturally translated into English as nose,mouth, heart, and knee, and into German as Nase, Mund, Herz, and Knie. When Western
medicine was adopted in China, these English terms naturally translated into Chinese as 鼻、口、心、膝. Lay terms are translated by lay equivalents because they are the obvious choices,but also because they help to preserve the relationship between general knowledge and specialist
knowledge.
西醫(yī)名詞翻譯為名詞翻譯做了良好的示范 ......
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