Propentofylline 對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的調(diào)節(jié)作用
作者:張煜 巴圖
單位:白求恩醫(yī)科大學(xué),長(zhǎng)春 130021
關(guān)鍵詞:腺苷;Propentofylline;過(guò)氧化氫
中國(guó)臨床藥理學(xué)雜志000115
摘 要:本研究探討Propentofylline對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的調(diào)節(jié)作用及其它的作用機(jī)制。采用魯米諾依賴的全血化學(xué)發(fā)光法測(cè)定fMLP激活的中性粒細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生過(guò)氧化氫。結(jié)果顯示Propentofylline以濃度依賴形式抑制中性粒細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生過(guò)氧化氫,并增強(qiáng)腺苷對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的抑制作用,但不影響NECA對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的抑制作用。結(jié)果提示,Propentofylline通過(guò)抑制細(xì)胞對(duì)腺苷的攝取,增加局部腺苷水平,增強(qiáng)腺苷對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的抑制作用。這種作用也可能是Propentofylline保護(hù)心腦組織損傷的機(jī)制之一。
The Effects of Propentofylline on Human Neutrophils
, http://www.www.srpcoatings.com
ZHANG Yu BA Tu
(Norman Bethune University of Medical Sciences, Changchun 130021)
Abstract:In this study, we tested the effects and mechanisms of propentofylline on human neutrophils. The neutrophils were stimulated by fMLP (formyl-MetLeuPhe) and hydrogen peroxide was determined by the luminol amplified chemiluminescence. Results showned that propentofylline inhibited the hydrogen peroxide production by neutrophils in concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of adenosine on fMLP-stimulated neutrophil hydrogen peroxide was markedly increased in the presence of propentofylline. But that of NECA (5`-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine) was unaffected, indicated that the inhibitory effect of propentofylline on neutrophils was mediated by inhibiting adenosine uptake and increasing the local concentration of adenosine. This effect could be a mechanism of the protective effects of propentofylline on the ischemia of brain and heart.
, 百拇醫(yī)藥
Key words:adenosine;propentofylline;hydrogen peroxide
Propentofylline,是新的黃嘌呤衍生物,已經(jīng)顯示對(duì)心腦組織缺血具有保護(hù)作用,機(jī)制可能與其擴(kuò)張血管,增加能量恢復(fù)及降低腦組織水腫有關(guān)[1]。由于中性粒細(xì)胞在組織缺血再灌注損傷中起著重要的作用,因此,我們研究了Propentofylline 對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的調(diào)節(jié)作用及其它的作用機(jī)制。用甲酰基-甲硫氨基-亮氨;-苯丙氨酸(fMLP)激活中性粒細(xì)胞,采用魯米諾反應(yīng)測(cè)量中性粒細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的過(guò)氧化氫含量。
材料和方法
1.試劑
腺苷或其衍生物N-已基-羧酰氨基腺苷(NECA)的濃度為0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 μmol.L-1。 Propentofylline的濃度為10, 30, 100, 300, 1000μmol.L-1。Hank 平衡鹽溶液。細(xì)胞激化劑(fMLP)1μmol.L-1。
, http://www.www.srpcoatings.com
2. 測(cè)定方法
2.1 中性粒細(xì)胞的分離
取健康成年人血30~50 ml,肝素抗凝, 用Percoll細(xì)胞分離液分離細(xì)胞,參照Wright法[2]進(jìn)行,離心后收集中性粒細(xì)胞,用PBS沖洗二次,蒸溜水溶解污染的紅細(xì)胞。沖洗后的細(xì)胞再用Hank 平衡鹽溶液配成理想的濃度1×106/ml,計(jì)數(shù)所得細(xì)胞,以中性粒細(xì)胞比例>90%(革蘭染色)及細(xì)胞活力>95%(臺(tái)盼藍(lán)拒染)為合格。
2.2 過(guò)氧化氫的測(cè)定
采用魯米諾依賴的全血化學(xué)發(fā)光法(CL) 參照Wymann法[3]進(jìn)行,這是測(cè)定中性粒細(xì)胞呼吸爆發(fā)非常敏感的方法。不同濃度的藥物加到含中性粒細(xì)胞的試管中,在37°C條件下水浴5 min后,fMLP激活細(xì)胞,細(xì)胞釋放的CL用Luminometer測(cè)定。CL峰值代表中性粒細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生過(guò)氧化氫的量。數(shù)據(jù)表達(dá)采用與對(duì)照組的百分比。所有藥物在無(wú)細(xì)胞情況下均不影響魯米諾系統(tǒng)。
, 百拇醫(yī)藥
2.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
所有數(shù)據(jù)均為平均值和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差,來(lái)源于4~8個(gè)試驗(yàn)。顯著性差異用t檢驗(yàn)方法測(cè)定。
結(jié)果
1. Propentofylline 對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的調(diào)節(jié)作用
Propentofylline抑制中性粒細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生過(guò)氧化氫,表現(xiàn)為濃度依賴性抑制,隨著濃度的增加,抑制作用增強(qiáng)(見(jiàn)圖和表1)。
Table1.The effect of propentofylline on hydrogen
proxide in fMLP-stimulated neutropjils(mean±SD,n=4) Concentration(μmol.L-1)
, http://www.www.srpcoatings.com
0
10
30
100
300
1000
mean±SD
100±9.0
90.2±14.5
81.7±12.5
54.1±18.9
47.7±15.6
24.7±9.3
, http://www.www.srpcoatings.com
Fig1.The effect of propentofylline on hydrogen proxidein fMLP-stimulated neutrophils.
2. Propentofylline 對(duì)腺苷作用的影響
腺苷和NECA均抑制中性粒細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生過(guò)氧化氫。并隨著濃度的增加其抑制作用增強(qiáng)。低濃度的Propentofylline (1μmol.L-1)不影響腺苷對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的作用(數(shù)據(jù)未顯示),而高濃度的Propentofylline (100μmol.L-1)明顯增強(qiáng)腺苷對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的抑制作用P<0.05,最大抑制率由66%升到81%。然而,NECA對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的抑制作用不受Propentofylline 的影響p>0.05(見(jiàn)表2)。
Table2.The effects of adenosine and NEDA on hydrogen proxide production in the presence
, 百拇醫(yī)藥
or absence of propentofylline(mean±SD,n=8) Group
Concentration(μg.L-1)
0
0.01
0.1
1
10
Adenosine
100±7.5
94.2±10.6
80.1±9.1
, http://www.www.srpcoatings.com
45.4±7.7
34.4±5.3
+PPF1000
(μmol.L-1)
92.8±8.9
62.9±7.5*
24.5±4.3*
20.6±3.2
NECA
100±5.4
90.5±7.2
, 百拇醫(yī)藥
67.7±7.4
38.1±4.7
26.6±4.0
+PPF100
(μmol.L-1)
84.7±15.3
63.5±15.2
43.6±7.8
29.8±5.5
討論
組織缺血激活中性粒細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生大量氧自由基,與細(xì)胞膜上的脂質(zhì)結(jié)合,引起細(xì)胞膜功能失調(diào),導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞內(nèi)鈣超載,細(xì)胞死亡[4]。缺血也刺激腺苷的產(chǎn)生,現(xiàn)已證實(shí),腺苷抑制中性粒細(xì)胞粘附到內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞,降低氧自由基釋放。血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞通過(guò)釋放腺苷阻止激活白細(xì)胞對(duì)內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的損傷[5]。然而,由于外源性腺苷對(duì)心血管系統(tǒng)嚴(yán)重的副作用,如低血壓和竇性心動(dòng)過(guò)緩,臨床應(yīng)用受到限制。近年來(lái)研究趨于促進(jìn)內(nèi)源性腺苷的產(chǎn)生或抑制細(xì)胞對(duì)腺苷的攝取,利用內(nèi)源性腺苷發(fā)揮作用。
, http://www.www.srpcoatings.com
與以往的報(bào)道相同,腺苷抑制fMLP激活的中性粒細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生過(guò)氧化氫。Propentofylline增強(qiáng)腺苷對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的抑制作用,但不影響NECA對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的抑制作用。這與腦組織研究結(jié)果類(lèi)似,在那里,Propentofylline 增加腺苷所引起的cAMP水平,卻不影響NECA所引起的cAMP水平,表明Propentofylline發(fā)揮作用在腺苷受體激活以前。因?yàn)镹ECA與腺苷代謝途徑不同, 機(jī)制可能象文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的那樣,Propentofylline抑制細(xì)胞對(duì)腺苷的攝取,增加局部腺苷的濃度所致[6]。
腺苷通過(guò)其受體發(fā)揮作用,腺苷A2受體通過(guò)細(xì)胞膜上的Gs蛋白興奮腺苷環(huán)化酶使細(xì)胞內(nèi)的ATP變成cAMP, cAMP在磷酸二酯酶的作用下形成5誂MP。cAMP是細(xì)胞內(nèi)重要的第二信使,cAMP通過(guò)蛋白激酶A,使細(xì)胞發(fā)生反應(yīng)。Propentofylline也是磷酸二酯酶抑制劑[7],可以推測(cè)Propentofylline可能通過(guò)增加cAMP濃度增加腺苷對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的抑制作用。
, 百拇醫(yī)藥
結(jié)論:Propentofylline抑制中性粒細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生過(guò)氧化氫,可能的機(jī)制通過(guò)抑制細(xì)胞對(duì)腺苷的攝取,增加局部腺苷的水平,發(fā)揮腺苷的作用。這也可能是它保護(hù)心腦組織缺血性損傷的機(jī)制之一。
參考文獻(xiàn)
1.Hofmann W,Gojowczy KG and Stefanovich V. Effects of a xanthine derivative, propentofylline, on local cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization in the rat. Brain Res, 1996; 740:41~46.
2.Wright DG. Human neutrophils degranulation. Methods Enzymol,1988; 162: 538~543.
, 百拇醫(yī)藥
3. Wymann MP, von Tscharner V, Deranleau DA et al.Chemiluminescence detection of H2O2 produced by human neutrophils during the respiratory burst. Anal Biochem, 1987; 165: 371~378.
4.Ambrosio G and Chiariello M. .Myocardial reperfusion injury:mechanisms and management. A review. Am J Med, 1991; 91(Suppl3c):86~95.
5.Zhang Y, Polmblad J and Fredholm BB. Biphasic effect of ATP on neutrophil functions mediated by P2u and adenosine A2a receptors.Biochemical Pharmacology, 1996; 51: 957~965.
, 百拇醫(yī)藥
6.Parkinson FE, Rudolphi KA, Fredholm BB. Propentofylline: a nucleoside transport inhibitor with neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia. Gen-Pharmacol, 1994; 25: 1053~1058.
7.Fredholm BB and Lindtrom K. The xanthine derivative 1-(5'-oxohexxyl)-3-methy-7-propy) xanthine (HWA 285) enhances the action of adenosine.Acta Pharmacol Toxicol, 1986; 58: 187~192.
收稿:1999-4-6
修回:1999-11-5, 百拇醫(yī)藥
單位:白求恩醫(yī)科大學(xué),長(zhǎng)春 130021
關(guān)鍵詞:腺苷;Propentofylline;過(guò)氧化氫
中國(guó)臨床藥理學(xué)雜志000115
摘 要:本研究探討Propentofylline對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的調(diào)節(jié)作用及其它的作用機(jī)制。采用魯米諾依賴的全血化學(xué)發(fā)光法測(cè)定fMLP激活的中性粒細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生過(guò)氧化氫。結(jié)果顯示Propentofylline以濃度依賴形式抑制中性粒細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生過(guò)氧化氫,并增強(qiáng)腺苷對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的抑制作用,但不影響NECA對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的抑制作用。結(jié)果提示,Propentofylline通過(guò)抑制細(xì)胞對(duì)腺苷的攝取,增加局部腺苷水平,增強(qiáng)腺苷對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的抑制作用。這種作用也可能是Propentofylline保護(hù)心腦組織損傷的機(jī)制之一。
The Effects of Propentofylline on Human Neutrophils
, http://www.www.srpcoatings.com
ZHANG Yu BA Tu
(Norman Bethune University of Medical Sciences, Changchun 130021)
Abstract:In this study, we tested the effects and mechanisms of propentofylline on human neutrophils. The neutrophils were stimulated by fMLP (formyl-MetLeuPhe) and hydrogen peroxide was determined by the luminol amplified chemiluminescence. Results showned that propentofylline inhibited the hydrogen peroxide production by neutrophils in concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of adenosine on fMLP-stimulated neutrophil hydrogen peroxide was markedly increased in the presence of propentofylline. But that of NECA (5`-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine) was unaffected, indicated that the inhibitory effect of propentofylline on neutrophils was mediated by inhibiting adenosine uptake and increasing the local concentration of adenosine. This effect could be a mechanism of the protective effects of propentofylline on the ischemia of brain and heart.
, 百拇醫(yī)藥
Key words:adenosine;propentofylline;hydrogen peroxide
Propentofylline,是新的黃嘌呤衍生物,已經(jīng)顯示對(duì)心腦組織缺血具有保護(hù)作用,機(jī)制可能與其擴(kuò)張血管,增加能量恢復(fù)及降低腦組織水腫有關(guān)[1]。由于中性粒細(xì)胞在組織缺血再灌注損傷中起著重要的作用,因此,我們研究了Propentofylline 對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的調(diào)節(jié)作用及其它的作用機(jī)制。用甲酰基-甲硫氨基-亮氨;-苯丙氨酸(fMLP)激活中性粒細(xì)胞,采用魯米諾反應(yīng)測(cè)量中性粒細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的過(guò)氧化氫含量。
材料和方法
1.試劑
腺苷或其衍生物N-已基-羧酰氨基腺苷(NECA)的濃度為0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 μmol.L-1。 Propentofylline的濃度為10, 30, 100, 300, 1000μmol.L-1。Hank 平衡鹽溶液。細(xì)胞激化劑(fMLP)1μmol.L-1。
, http://www.www.srpcoatings.com
2. 測(cè)定方法
2.1 中性粒細(xì)胞的分離
取健康成年人血30~50 ml,肝素抗凝, 用Percoll細(xì)胞分離液分離細(xì)胞,參照Wright法[2]進(jìn)行,離心后收集中性粒細(xì)胞,用PBS沖洗二次,蒸溜水溶解污染的紅細(xì)胞。沖洗后的細(xì)胞再用Hank 平衡鹽溶液配成理想的濃度1×106/ml,計(jì)數(shù)所得細(xì)胞,以中性粒細(xì)胞比例>90%(革蘭染色)及細(xì)胞活力>95%(臺(tái)盼藍(lán)拒染)為合格。
2.2 過(guò)氧化氫的測(cè)定
采用魯米諾依賴的全血化學(xué)發(fā)光法(CL) 參照Wymann法[3]進(jìn)行,這是測(cè)定中性粒細(xì)胞呼吸爆發(fā)非常敏感的方法。不同濃度的藥物加到含中性粒細(xì)胞的試管中,在37°C條件下水浴5 min后,fMLP激活細(xì)胞,細(xì)胞釋放的CL用Luminometer測(cè)定。CL峰值代表中性粒細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生過(guò)氧化氫的量。數(shù)據(jù)表達(dá)采用與對(duì)照組的百分比。所有藥物在無(wú)細(xì)胞情況下均不影響魯米諾系統(tǒng)。
, 百拇醫(yī)藥
2.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
所有數(shù)據(jù)均為平均值和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差,來(lái)源于4~8個(gè)試驗(yàn)。顯著性差異用t檢驗(yàn)方法測(cè)定。
結(jié)果
1. Propentofylline 對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的調(diào)節(jié)作用
Propentofylline抑制中性粒細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生過(guò)氧化氫,表現(xiàn)為濃度依賴性抑制,隨著濃度的增加,抑制作用增強(qiáng)(見(jiàn)圖和表1)。
Table1.The effect of propentofylline on hydrogen
proxide in fMLP-stimulated neutropjils(mean±SD,n=4) Concentration(μmol.L-1)
, http://www.www.srpcoatings.com
0
10
30
100
300
1000
mean±SD
100±9.0
90.2±14.5
81.7±12.5
54.1±18.9
47.7±15.6
24.7±9.3
, http://www.www.srpcoatings.com
Fig1.The effect of propentofylline on hydrogen proxidein fMLP-stimulated neutrophils.
2. Propentofylline 對(duì)腺苷作用的影響
腺苷和NECA均抑制中性粒細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生過(guò)氧化氫。并隨著濃度的增加其抑制作用增強(qiáng)。低濃度的Propentofylline (1μmol.L-1)不影響腺苷對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的作用(數(shù)據(jù)未顯示),而高濃度的Propentofylline (100μmol.L-1)明顯增強(qiáng)腺苷對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的抑制作用P<0.05,最大抑制率由66%升到81%。然而,NECA對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的抑制作用不受Propentofylline 的影響p>0.05(見(jiàn)表2)。
Table2.The effects of adenosine and NEDA on hydrogen proxide production in the presence
, 百拇醫(yī)藥
or absence of propentofylline(mean±SD,n=8) Group
Concentration(μg.L-1)
0
0.01
0.1
1
10
Adenosine
100±7.5
94.2±10.6
80.1±9.1
, http://www.www.srpcoatings.com
45.4±7.7
34.4±5.3
+PPF1000
(μmol.L-1)
92.8±8.9
62.9±7.5*
24.5±4.3*
20.6±3.2
NECA
100±5.4
90.5±7.2
, 百拇醫(yī)藥
67.7±7.4
38.1±4.7
26.6±4.0
+PPF100
(μmol.L-1)
84.7±15.3
63.5±15.2
43.6±7.8
29.8±5.5
討論
組織缺血激活中性粒細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生大量氧自由基,與細(xì)胞膜上的脂質(zhì)結(jié)合,引起細(xì)胞膜功能失調(diào),導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞內(nèi)鈣超載,細(xì)胞死亡[4]。缺血也刺激腺苷的產(chǎn)生,現(xiàn)已證實(shí),腺苷抑制中性粒細(xì)胞粘附到內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞,降低氧自由基釋放。血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞通過(guò)釋放腺苷阻止激活白細(xì)胞對(duì)內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的損傷[5]。然而,由于外源性腺苷對(duì)心血管系統(tǒng)嚴(yán)重的副作用,如低血壓和竇性心動(dòng)過(guò)緩,臨床應(yīng)用受到限制。近年來(lái)研究趨于促進(jìn)內(nèi)源性腺苷的產(chǎn)生或抑制細(xì)胞對(duì)腺苷的攝取,利用內(nèi)源性腺苷發(fā)揮作用。
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與以往的報(bào)道相同,腺苷抑制fMLP激活的中性粒細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生過(guò)氧化氫。Propentofylline增強(qiáng)腺苷對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的抑制作用,但不影響NECA對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的抑制作用。這與腦組織研究結(jié)果類(lèi)似,在那里,Propentofylline 增加腺苷所引起的cAMP水平,卻不影響NECA所引起的cAMP水平,表明Propentofylline發(fā)揮作用在腺苷受體激活以前。因?yàn)镹ECA與腺苷代謝途徑不同, 機(jī)制可能象文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的那樣,Propentofylline抑制細(xì)胞對(duì)腺苷的攝取,增加局部腺苷的濃度所致[6]。
腺苷通過(guò)其受體發(fā)揮作用,腺苷A2受體通過(guò)細(xì)胞膜上的Gs蛋白興奮腺苷環(huán)化酶使細(xì)胞內(nèi)的ATP變成cAMP, cAMP在磷酸二酯酶的作用下形成5誂MP。cAMP是細(xì)胞內(nèi)重要的第二信使,cAMP通過(guò)蛋白激酶A,使細(xì)胞發(fā)生反應(yīng)。Propentofylline也是磷酸二酯酶抑制劑[7],可以推測(cè)Propentofylline可能通過(guò)增加cAMP濃度增加腺苷對(duì)中性粒細(xì)胞的抑制作用。
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結(jié)論:Propentofylline抑制中性粒細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生過(guò)氧化氫,可能的機(jī)制通過(guò)抑制細(xì)胞對(duì)腺苷的攝取,增加局部腺苷的水平,發(fā)揮腺苷的作用。這也可能是它保護(hù)心腦組織缺血性損傷的機(jī)制之一。
參考文獻(xiàn)
1.Hofmann W,Gojowczy KG and Stefanovich V. Effects of a xanthine derivative, propentofylline, on local cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization in the rat. Brain Res, 1996; 740:41~46.
2.Wright DG. Human neutrophils degranulation. Methods Enzymol,1988; 162: 538~543.
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3. Wymann MP, von Tscharner V, Deranleau DA et al.Chemiluminescence detection of H2O2 produced by human neutrophils during the respiratory burst. Anal Biochem, 1987; 165: 371~378.
4.Ambrosio G and Chiariello M. .Myocardial reperfusion injury:mechanisms and management. A review. Am J Med, 1991; 91(Suppl3c):86~95.
5.Zhang Y, Polmblad J and Fredholm BB. Biphasic effect of ATP on neutrophil functions mediated by P2u and adenosine A2a receptors.Biochemical Pharmacology, 1996; 51: 957~965.
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6.Parkinson FE, Rudolphi KA, Fredholm BB. Propentofylline: a nucleoside transport inhibitor with neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia. Gen-Pharmacol, 1994; 25: 1053~1058.
7.Fredholm BB and Lindtrom K. The xanthine derivative 1-(5'-oxohexxyl)-3-methy-7-propy) xanthine (HWA 285) enhances the action of adenosine.Acta Pharmacol Toxicol, 1986; 58: 187~192.
收稿:1999-4-6
修回:1999-11-5, 百拇醫(yī)藥