美國(guó)醫(yī)師教育管理體系對(duì)我國(guó)皮膚激光美容醫(yī)師職業(yè)發(fā)展的啟示(1)
[摘要]我國(guó)醫(yī)療美容市場(chǎng)快速發(fā)展造成皮膚激光美容醫(yī)生嚴(yán)重缺乏及醫(yī)生隊(duì)伍迅速擴(kuò)大,從而導(dǎo)致皮膚激光美容醫(yī)生專業(yè)背景復(fù)雜和臨床技能良莠不齊,因此提高專業(yè)理論知識(shí)、臨床技能、人文素質(zhì)和科研水平,完善培訓(xùn)、考核及管理體系已經(jīng)成為我國(guó)激光美容醫(yī)師專業(yè)隊(duì)伍建設(shè)的重要任務(wù)。本文介紹了筆者在美訪學(xué)和工作期間,比較兩國(guó)皮膚激光美容醫(yī)師隊(duì)伍的現(xiàn)狀和差異,對(duì)美國(guó)嚴(yán)格完善的醫(yī)學(xué)教育、醫(yī)師執(zhí)照考試、醫(yī)師培養(yǎng)及激光醫(yī)學(xué)科研交叉學(xué)科體系的了解,以期對(duì)我國(guó)激光美容醫(yī)師隊(duì)伍的職業(yè)發(fā)展提供啟示。
[關(guān)鍵詞]皮膚激光美容醫(yī)師;職業(yè)發(fā)展;醫(yī)學(xué)教育;醫(yī)師培訓(xùn);激光醫(yī)學(xué)科研交叉學(xué)科
[中圖分類號(hào)]G42 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A [文章編號(hào)]1008-6455(2018)10-0140-03
Abstract: The accelerated development of the medical cosmetic market in China has caused a serious shortage of qualified laser cosmetic dermatologists. And the rapid conversion of medical personnel with different background and training into this field has led to the lack of professional knowledge and clinical skill in laser medicine and surgery. Therefore, it is urgent and important to improve the fundamental knowledge in laser medicine, clinical laser surgery skills, as well as scientific and clinical research capabilities for laser cosmetic dermatologists in China. Based on my learning and working experience in the Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, compared the status quo and differences of the laser cosmetic dermatologists’ training and qualification between China and America, analyzed the strict and well-developed system of medical education, licensing examination, physicians trainings and laser medical interdisciplinary research in the United States, in hopes of enlightening the career development of laser cosmetic dermatologists in China.
, http://www.www.srpcoatings.com
Key words: laser cosmetic dermatologist; career development; medical education; physicians trainings; laser medical interdisciplinary research
激光美容是皮膚美容專業(yè)的重要內(nèi)容,近20余年,隨著新型激光技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步和發(fā)展,我國(guó)醫(yī)美市場(chǎng)和規(guī)模呈跨越式增長(zhǎng),導(dǎo)致激光美容醫(yī)生嚴(yán)重缺乏,不同專業(yè)醫(yī)生轉(zhuǎn)入皮膚激光美容專業(yè),使醫(yī)生隊(duì)伍迅速擴(kuò)大,但因?qū)I(yè)背景復(fù)雜、基本理論和臨床技能良莠不齊,造成臨床療效差異很大,不良反應(yīng)和并發(fā)癥較多。美國(guó)引領(lǐng)著世界先進(jìn)醫(yī)療技術(shù),醫(yī)學(xué)教育體系成熟,筆者在加州大學(xué)爾灣分校Beckman激光研究所與醫(yī)療診所訪問(wèn)學(xué)習(xí)和工作一年,比較了兩國(guó)醫(yī)師隊(duì)伍的現(xiàn)狀和差異,探討適合我國(guó)激光美容醫(yī)師的繼續(xù)教育、培訓(xùn)考核和監(jiān)督體制,以期促進(jìn)我國(guó)激光美容醫(yī)師的職業(yè)發(fā)展。
1 美國(guó)的醫(yī)學(xué)教育、臨床醫(yī)師培養(yǎng)管理制度與激光醫(yī)學(xué)科研交叉學(xué)科體系
, 百拇醫(yī)藥
1.1 嚴(yán)格的入學(xué)要求和醫(yī)學(xué)教育
1.1.1 美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)院申請(qǐng)者需進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的入學(xué)考試和綜合能力評(píng)定:美國(guó)大多數(shù)申請(qǐng)醫(yī)學(xué)院的學(xué)生至少要獲得某個(gè)專業(yè)的學(xué)士學(xué)位。所有學(xué)生都必須完成生物、化學(xué)、物理、數(shù)學(xué)和英語(yǔ)的本科學(xué)習(xí);人文和社會(huì)科學(xué)課程;部分學(xué)生會(huì)去當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院或診所做志愿者,以獲得醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)的工作經(jīng)歷。而某些本科學(xué)校的學(xué)生在本科期間就可以開(kāi)始研修醫(yī)學(xué)院課程。
美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)院競(jìng)爭(zhēng)非常激烈,大多數(shù)申請(qǐng)者除了提交本科(或更高學(xué)歷)的成績(jī)單、參加美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)院協(xié)會(huì)(Association of American Medical Colleges,AAMC)的醫(yī)學(xué)院入學(xué)考試(The Medical College Admission Test,MCAT)成績(jī)單、推薦信,醫(yī)學(xué)院還會(huì)考核申請(qǐng)者的性格、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力、參與課外活動(dòng)及面試情況。
1.1.2 美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)院對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)生進(jìn)行醫(yī)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)、臨床醫(yī)學(xué)、人文、法律等方面的全面培養(yǎng):醫(yī)學(xué)院教育學(xué)制4年,醫(yī)學(xué)生前兩年主要在實(shí)驗(yàn)室和教室,不僅要學(xué)習(xí)解剖、組織、生化、分子和細(xì)胞生物、遺傳、免疫、藥理等基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué),還要學(xué)習(xí)心理學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)倫理學(xué)、社會(huì)醫(yī)學(xué)、臨床流行病學(xué)、人口-保健政策、人口健康、醫(yī)學(xué)道德、專業(yè)精神和醫(yī)學(xué)相關(guān)法律等課程;以及病歷記錄、患者檢查和疾病診斷等實(shí)用技能的學(xué)習(xí)。后兩年,醫(yī)學(xué)生進(jìn)入醫(yī)院或診所,在有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的醫(yī)生監(jiān)督下,進(jìn)行內(nèi)科、家庭全科醫(yī)療、婦產(chǎn)科、兒科、精神病科和外科的實(shí)習(xí)輪轉(zhuǎn),獲得在不同學(xué)科領(lǐng)域里診斷和治療疾病的臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)。, 百拇醫(yī)藥(應(yīng)朝霞 賈旺存)
[關(guān)鍵詞]皮膚激光美容醫(yī)師;職業(yè)發(fā)展;醫(yī)學(xué)教育;醫(yī)師培訓(xùn);激光醫(yī)學(xué)科研交叉學(xué)科
[中圖分類號(hào)]G42 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A [文章編號(hào)]1008-6455(2018)10-0140-03
Abstract: The accelerated development of the medical cosmetic market in China has caused a serious shortage of qualified laser cosmetic dermatologists. And the rapid conversion of medical personnel with different background and training into this field has led to the lack of professional knowledge and clinical skill in laser medicine and surgery. Therefore, it is urgent and important to improve the fundamental knowledge in laser medicine, clinical laser surgery skills, as well as scientific and clinical research capabilities for laser cosmetic dermatologists in China. Based on my learning and working experience in the Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, compared the status quo and differences of the laser cosmetic dermatologists’ training and qualification between China and America, analyzed the strict and well-developed system of medical education, licensing examination, physicians trainings and laser medical interdisciplinary research in the United States, in hopes of enlightening the career development of laser cosmetic dermatologists in China.
, http://www.www.srpcoatings.com
Key words: laser cosmetic dermatologist; career development; medical education; physicians trainings; laser medical interdisciplinary research
激光美容是皮膚美容專業(yè)的重要內(nèi)容,近20余年,隨著新型激光技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步和發(fā)展,我國(guó)醫(yī)美市場(chǎng)和規(guī)模呈跨越式增長(zhǎng),導(dǎo)致激光美容醫(yī)生嚴(yán)重缺乏,不同專業(yè)醫(yī)生轉(zhuǎn)入皮膚激光美容專業(yè),使醫(yī)生隊(duì)伍迅速擴(kuò)大,但因?qū)I(yè)背景復(fù)雜、基本理論和臨床技能良莠不齊,造成臨床療效差異很大,不良反應(yīng)和并發(fā)癥較多。美國(guó)引領(lǐng)著世界先進(jìn)醫(yī)療技術(shù),醫(yī)學(xué)教育體系成熟,筆者在加州大學(xué)爾灣分校Beckman激光研究所與醫(yī)療診所訪問(wèn)學(xué)習(xí)和工作一年,比較了兩國(guó)醫(yī)師隊(duì)伍的現(xiàn)狀和差異,探討適合我國(guó)激光美容醫(yī)師的繼續(xù)教育、培訓(xùn)考核和監(jiān)督體制,以期促進(jìn)我國(guó)激光美容醫(yī)師的職業(yè)發(fā)展。
1 美國(guó)的醫(yī)學(xué)教育、臨床醫(yī)師培養(yǎng)管理制度與激光醫(yī)學(xué)科研交叉學(xué)科體系
, 百拇醫(yī)藥
1.1 嚴(yán)格的入學(xué)要求和醫(yī)學(xué)教育
1.1.1 美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)院申請(qǐng)者需進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的入學(xué)考試和綜合能力評(píng)定:美國(guó)大多數(shù)申請(qǐng)醫(yī)學(xué)院的學(xué)生至少要獲得某個(gè)專業(yè)的學(xué)士學(xué)位。所有學(xué)生都必須完成生物、化學(xué)、物理、數(shù)學(xué)和英語(yǔ)的本科學(xué)習(xí);人文和社會(huì)科學(xué)課程;部分學(xué)生會(huì)去當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院或診所做志愿者,以獲得醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)的工作經(jīng)歷。而某些本科學(xué)校的學(xué)生在本科期間就可以開(kāi)始研修醫(yī)學(xué)院課程。
美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)院競(jìng)爭(zhēng)非常激烈,大多數(shù)申請(qǐng)者除了提交本科(或更高學(xué)歷)的成績(jī)單、參加美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)院協(xié)會(huì)(Association of American Medical Colleges,AAMC)的醫(yī)學(xué)院入學(xué)考試(The Medical College Admission Test,MCAT)成績(jī)單、推薦信,醫(yī)學(xué)院還會(huì)考核申請(qǐng)者的性格、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力、參與課外活動(dòng)及面試情況。
1.1.2 美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)院對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)生進(jìn)行醫(yī)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)、臨床醫(yī)學(xué)、人文、法律等方面的全面培養(yǎng):醫(yī)學(xué)院教育學(xué)制4年,醫(yī)學(xué)生前兩年主要在實(shí)驗(yàn)室和教室,不僅要學(xué)習(xí)解剖、組織、生化、分子和細(xì)胞生物、遺傳、免疫、藥理等基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué),還要學(xué)習(xí)心理學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)倫理學(xué)、社會(huì)醫(yī)學(xué)、臨床流行病學(xué)、人口-保健政策、人口健康、醫(yī)學(xué)道德、專業(yè)精神和醫(yī)學(xué)相關(guān)法律等課程;以及病歷記錄、患者檢查和疾病診斷等實(shí)用技能的學(xué)習(xí)。后兩年,醫(yī)學(xué)生進(jìn)入醫(yī)院或診所,在有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的醫(yī)生監(jiān)督下,進(jìn)行內(nèi)科、家庭全科醫(yī)療、婦產(chǎn)科、兒科、精神病科和外科的實(shí)習(xí)輪轉(zhuǎn),獲得在不同學(xué)科領(lǐng)域里診斷和治療疾病的臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)。, 百拇醫(yī)藥(應(yīng)朝霞 賈旺存)
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