中國(guó)美容醫(yī)學(xué)行業(yè)監(jiān)管現(xiàn)狀分析及對(duì)策研究(1)
[摘要]美容醫(yī)學(xué)手術(shù)存在術(shù)后副作用、藥品質(zhì)量參差不齊、從業(yè)者職業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足等多元風(fēng)險(xiǎn),亟需建立完善的監(jiān)管機(jī)制。目前針對(duì)“微整形”市場(chǎng)亂象橫生,從業(yè)人員魚(yú)龍混雜的現(xiàn)象,我國(guó)主要通過(guò)立法等外部手段開(kāi)展監(jiān)管工作,但仍然存在著諸多不足之處。參考國(guó)外一些發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家及地區(qū)較為成熟有效的監(jiān)管措施,本文進(jìn)一步提出內(nèi)外部監(jiān)管相結(jié)合的手段對(duì)該行業(yè)實(shí)施全面監(jiān)管,以實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)范行業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)及從業(yè)者行為,保護(hù)美容就醫(yī)者合法權(quán)利,并促進(jìn)行業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。
[關(guān)鍵詞]美容醫(yī)學(xué);微整形;亂象;外部監(jiān)管;內(nèi)部監(jiān)管;法律監(jiān)管;信息化監(jiān)管
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)]R622;R197.32 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]B [文章編號(hào)]1008-6455(2018)12-0139-04
Aesthetic Medicine Supervision in China: Current Situation and Strategies
, 百拇醫(yī)藥
LIU Juan
(Xi’an Haitang Vocational College,Xi’an 710038,Shaanxi,China)
Abstract: There are multiple risks occurred in aesthetic medicine, such as the side effects after surgery, poor-quality medicines, and insufficient professional experience of practitioners. At present, the “micro-plastic surgery” market is in chaos, and the employees are mixed. This situation needs a sound supervision system. External supervision is established in China for years, like legislation, while multiple weaknesses still exist and need to be improved. With reference to the effective regulations in developed countries and regions, we propose an integrated supervision strategy in the present study, which has a combination of internal and external supervision approaches. This strategy would help to regulate the aesthetic medicine market and practitioners' behaviors, protect the rights of consumers, and promote a sustainable and healthy development of the aesthetic medicine.
, 百拇醫(yī)藥
Key words: aesthetic medicine; micro-plastic surgery; external supervision; internal supervision; legal supervision; information supervision
美容醫(yī)學(xué)是基于人體審美理論,采用各種醫(yī)學(xué)手段來(lái)直接維護(hù)、修飾和塑造人體形態(tài)上的美。這種美是以人體健康為前提,而且美容就醫(yī)者、醫(yī)護(hù)人員與未就醫(yī)的人群都能產(chǎn)生審美的愉悅感,進(jìn)而提高人的生活質(zhì)量,增強(qiáng)人體各系統(tǒng)的生命活力美感,以追求人的身心年輕化為目標(biāo)[1]。美容醫(yī)學(xué)的興起可以追溯到19世紀(jì)80年代,并在近幾十年迅速發(fā)展。主要表現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面。一方面,美容就醫(yī)者數(shù)量劇增,如僅1997年-2005年在美國(guó)進(jìn)行的美容醫(yī)學(xué)手術(shù)總數(shù)增加了444%[2]。另一方面,美容醫(yī)學(xué)手術(shù)不斷改進(jìn)與創(chuàng)新,如肉毒桿菌注射、美塑療法、激光治療和強(qiáng)脈沖光(IPL)治療等新興技術(shù)手段不斷涌現(xiàn),并且僅需極少或無(wú)需局部麻醉。這些“微整形”手術(shù)在歐洲國(guó)家,南北美洲,以及近年來(lái)在亞洲國(guó)家尤其是中國(guó),韓國(guó),泰國(guó)及柬埔寨等[2]都受到大眾歡迎。
, 百拇醫(yī)藥
“微整形”手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷小,技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)單,從而使很多人,包括美容就醫(yī)者自身都可以進(jìn)行自主操作。但是“微整形”如果操作不當(dāng),有可能造成并發(fā)癥,如栓塞、血腫、神經(jīng)損傷、組織壞死、感染、皮疹、表情失衡等副作用,嚴(yán)重的話可能導(dǎo)致器官病變[1]。加之國(guó)內(nèi)美容市場(chǎng)注射品參差不齊,定價(jià)懸殊,美容就醫(yī)者抉擇往往面臨很大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[1]。社會(huì)對(duì)美的概念的態(tài)度也可能會(huì)變得不合時(shí)宜,并且可能會(huì)鼓勵(lì)人們采用美容醫(yī)學(xué)治療來(lái)抵抗與年齡相關(guān)的問(wèn)題,如物理變化等。這種現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)在一些國(guó)家陸續(xù)出現(xiàn)。如在韓國(guó),即使是高中生也特別關(guān)注自身外表,對(duì)“微整形”手術(shù)的需求持續(xù)升高[2]。此外,美容醫(yī)學(xué)也可能會(huì)扭曲傳統(tǒng)的醫(yī)患關(guān)系,提高就醫(yī)者的期望,增加就醫(yī)者術(shù)后訴訟風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[2]。由此可見(jiàn),嚴(yán)格的美容醫(yī)學(xué)監(jiān)管是非常必要的。
美容醫(yī)學(xué)是一個(gè)相對(duì)較新的領(lǐng)域,從業(yè)者與美容就醫(yī)者之間存在著信息不對(duì)稱(chēng),從而導(dǎo)致美容就醫(yī)者更依賴(lài)從業(yè)者。然而在行業(yè)監(jiān)管有限,又加之高利潤(rùn)驅(qū)動(dòng)下,一些從業(yè)者違背職業(yè)道德向美容就醫(yī)者提供服務(wù)的現(xiàn)象時(shí)有發(fā)生。因此,在如此高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的領(lǐng)域,加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管顯得尤為重要。考慮到目前我國(guó)對(duì)該領(lǐng)域的監(jiān)管更多的是法律層面的研究,而實(shí)際監(jiān)管效果并不理想,故本文通過(guò)參考及對(duì)比國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家及地區(qū)較為成熟有效的監(jiān)管措施,進(jìn)一步提出內(nèi)外部監(jiān)管相結(jié)合的手段對(duì)該行業(yè)實(shí)施全面監(jiān)管,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)范行業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)及從業(yè)者行為,達(dá)到促進(jìn)行業(yè)健康發(fā)展的目的。, http://www.www.srpcoatings.com(劉娟)
[關(guān)鍵詞]美容醫(yī)學(xué);微整形;亂象;外部監(jiān)管;內(nèi)部監(jiān)管;法律監(jiān)管;信息化監(jiān)管
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)]R622;R197.32 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]B [文章編號(hào)]1008-6455(2018)12-0139-04
Aesthetic Medicine Supervision in China: Current Situation and Strategies
, 百拇醫(yī)藥
LIU Juan
(Xi’an Haitang Vocational College,Xi’an 710038,Shaanxi,China)
Abstract: There are multiple risks occurred in aesthetic medicine, such as the side effects after surgery, poor-quality medicines, and insufficient professional experience of practitioners. At present, the “micro-plastic surgery” market is in chaos, and the employees are mixed. This situation needs a sound supervision system. External supervision is established in China for years, like legislation, while multiple weaknesses still exist and need to be improved. With reference to the effective regulations in developed countries and regions, we propose an integrated supervision strategy in the present study, which has a combination of internal and external supervision approaches. This strategy would help to regulate the aesthetic medicine market and practitioners' behaviors, protect the rights of consumers, and promote a sustainable and healthy development of the aesthetic medicine.
, 百拇醫(yī)藥
Key words: aesthetic medicine; micro-plastic surgery; external supervision; internal supervision; legal supervision; information supervision
美容醫(yī)學(xué)是基于人體審美理論,采用各種醫(yī)學(xué)手段來(lái)直接維護(hù)、修飾和塑造人體形態(tài)上的美。這種美是以人體健康為前提,而且美容就醫(yī)者、醫(yī)護(hù)人員與未就醫(yī)的人群都能產(chǎn)生審美的愉悅感,進(jìn)而提高人的生活質(zhì)量,增強(qiáng)人體各系統(tǒng)的生命活力美感,以追求人的身心年輕化為目標(biāo)[1]。美容醫(yī)學(xué)的興起可以追溯到19世紀(jì)80年代,并在近幾十年迅速發(fā)展。主要表現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面。一方面,美容就醫(yī)者數(shù)量劇增,如僅1997年-2005年在美國(guó)進(jìn)行的美容醫(yī)學(xué)手術(shù)總數(shù)增加了444%[2]。另一方面,美容醫(yī)學(xué)手術(shù)不斷改進(jìn)與創(chuàng)新,如肉毒桿菌注射、美塑療法、激光治療和強(qiáng)脈沖光(IPL)治療等新興技術(shù)手段不斷涌現(xiàn),并且僅需極少或無(wú)需局部麻醉。這些“微整形”手術(shù)在歐洲國(guó)家,南北美洲,以及近年來(lái)在亞洲國(guó)家尤其是中國(guó),韓國(guó),泰國(guó)及柬埔寨等[2]都受到大眾歡迎。
, 百拇醫(yī)藥
“微整形”手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷小,技術(shù)簡(jiǎn)單,從而使很多人,包括美容就醫(yī)者自身都可以進(jìn)行自主操作。但是“微整形”如果操作不當(dāng),有可能造成并發(fā)癥,如栓塞、血腫、神經(jīng)損傷、組織壞死、感染、皮疹、表情失衡等副作用,嚴(yán)重的話可能導(dǎo)致器官病變[1]。加之國(guó)內(nèi)美容市場(chǎng)注射品參差不齊,定價(jià)懸殊,美容就醫(yī)者抉擇往往面臨很大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[1]。社會(huì)對(duì)美的概念的態(tài)度也可能會(huì)變得不合時(shí)宜,并且可能會(huì)鼓勵(lì)人們采用美容醫(yī)學(xué)治療來(lái)抵抗與年齡相關(guān)的問(wèn)題,如物理變化等。這種現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)在一些國(guó)家陸續(xù)出現(xiàn)。如在韓國(guó),即使是高中生也特別關(guān)注自身外表,對(duì)“微整形”手術(shù)的需求持續(xù)升高[2]。此外,美容醫(yī)學(xué)也可能會(huì)扭曲傳統(tǒng)的醫(yī)患關(guān)系,提高就醫(yī)者的期望,增加就醫(yī)者術(shù)后訴訟風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[2]。由此可見(jiàn),嚴(yán)格的美容醫(yī)學(xué)監(jiān)管是非常必要的。
美容醫(yī)學(xué)是一個(gè)相對(duì)較新的領(lǐng)域,從業(yè)者與美容就醫(yī)者之間存在著信息不對(duì)稱(chēng),從而導(dǎo)致美容就醫(yī)者更依賴(lài)從業(yè)者。然而在行業(yè)監(jiān)管有限,又加之高利潤(rùn)驅(qū)動(dòng)下,一些從業(yè)者違背職業(yè)道德向美容就醫(yī)者提供服務(wù)的現(xiàn)象時(shí)有發(fā)生。因此,在如此高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的領(lǐng)域,加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管顯得尤為重要。考慮到目前我國(guó)對(duì)該領(lǐng)域的監(jiān)管更多的是法律層面的研究,而實(shí)際監(jiān)管效果并不理想,故本文通過(guò)參考及對(duì)比國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家及地區(qū)較為成熟有效的監(jiān)管措施,進(jìn)一步提出內(nèi)外部監(jiān)管相結(jié)合的手段對(duì)該行業(yè)實(shí)施全面監(jiān)管,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)范行業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)及從業(yè)者行為,達(dá)到促進(jìn)行業(yè)健康發(fā)展的目的。, http://www.www.srpcoatings.com(劉娟)
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